The play presents several different couples: Theseus and Hippolyta ; Hermia and Lysander ,
Theseus and Hippolyta represent mature love. In this play, they are the one that regard marriage as a holy ceremony and thus the way they choose their lovers are also being chosen aptly. The evidence is that Hippolyta accepted Theseus proposal because Hippolyta feel that Theseus is worthy of her as Theseus has managed to defeat Hippolyta who is the queen of the Amazon. “Hippolyta, I wooed thee with my sword” suggests that mature love can just be obtained by efforts and the sincere feelings that both party have towards each other. They also showed the quality of mature love which is very sincere and also based on reason. This can be seen that even though Theseus desired to own Hippolyta so badly, he chose to be patient as shown in “She lingers my desires, like to a stepdame or a dowager”. This love represents stability and harmony as it is based on a dignified and restrained combination of thought and feeling.
Oberon and Titania are supposed to represent mature love. However, there are also conflict between them due to Oberon desires to have the Indian boy as one of his attendants. Just because of this, they called each other “Jealous Oberon” and “proud Titania”. Besides that, they also accused each other for liking human characters like Theseus and Hippolyta as shown in “your buskined mistress and your warrior love” as well as “Knowing I know thy love to Theseus?” This showed their jealousy towards each other. It is ironic in a sense that both Titania and Oberon are supposed to “give” Theseus and Hippolyta “their bed of joy and prosperity” and yet they are now quarelling. Moreover, Oberon and Titania are also “their parents and original” but yet they are setting a bad example, that is, just because of their selfishness, the world is at stake of disaster that they may caused. If the fairies were unable to maintain the harmony, there will be no guarantee as to what might happen in the human world. Shakespeare wanted to show us that even mature love also sometimes can get unstable as Lysander did say that “the course of true love never did run smooth”
As for the four lovers as well as Titania and Bottom, they all represent the irrational, self-indulgent and obsessive love. In Hermia and Lysander case, they are very irrational with the action that they took. They never thought of the consequences of their thoughtless action which represent immature love. This can be seen that they decided to leave
As for Helena and Demetrius, although it is an unrequited love,
The Atkins Diet is a very popular diet. Dr. Robert Atkins' concept, somewhat exaggerated by the media, that a person can lose weight while eating significant quantities of fat and protein but strictly reducing carbohydrates, has captured the public's imagination. The success of those who tried the diet varied depending on the degree they adhered to the long term stages of the diet structure. The Atkins diet was originally designed for diabetes patients who wanted to manage their insulin levels more effectively. The diet was also embraced by those seeking a diet that all
ows eating to satiation.Atkins discourages refined carbohydrate intake and encourages protein intake, especially in the form of meat. The diet encourages the consumption of fruits and non-starchy vegetables for the provision of fiber and nutrients; it takes a somewhat neutral stand on fat intake.
Many people experience rapid initial weight loss on Atkins, some of which is due to depletion of glycogen stores in the liver. Loss of glycogen is associated with loss of water weight, since the body stores up to four pounds of water for each pound of glycogen.
Low carbohydrate diets have been shown to reduce the fasting levels of triglycerides. Elevated triglycerides are a demonstrated risk factor for heart disease. Low-fat diets also reduce fasting levels of triglycerides.
A low-carbohydrate diet may not be suitable as a long-term weight-maintenance diet. The products of fat metabolism and protein metabolism include ketones which can be harmful.
Successful weight-loss diets generally cause acidosis; symptoms range from mild fatigue to severe joint pain. Acidosis can be controlled by drinking water in large amounts and taking antacid supplements or eating vegetables grown in alkaline soil.
Human metabolism is enormously complicated. Diets whose effectiveness is not based on the simple balance of energy must be evaluated experimentally. The premise that protein is less fattening than carbohydrates is unproven, although the specific dynamic action of protein is 30%, while the corresponding figures for carbohydrate and fat are 6% and 4% respectively. ""One hundred kilocalories of protein produces an extra 30 kcal of heat, while similar amounts of carbohydrate and fat raise the metabolic rate by 6 and 4 kcal, respectively"
"Essential Human Anatomy and Physiology" Barbara R. Landau, 1976
4 Most Harmful Ingredients in Packaged Foods
TRANS FATS
, smell, and touch working properly. You need a little every day to replace what's lost to sweat, tears, and other excretions.
Diets damage health, shows biggest ever study
The world's largest study of weight loss has shown that diets do not work for the vast majority of slimmers and may even put lives at risk.
More than two-thirds pile the pounds straight back on, raising the danger of heart attack, stroke and diabetes.
Indeed most dieters end up heavier than they did to start with, the researchers found.
They warn this type of yo-yo behaviour is linked to a host of health problems. And they say the strain that repeated weight loss and gain places on the body means most people would have been better off not dieting at all.
The findings follow other research that shows the UK is in the grip of a dieting frenzy, with one in four Britons at any one time trying to lose weight.
The average woman is estimated to lose and gain 251/2 stone during her lifetime - putting on 151/2 stone for the ten stone she loses through dieting. Last night, the U.S. scientists behind the latest research - the most thorough and comprehensive analysis of its kind - said that dieting simply does not work.
The University of California researchers analysed the results of more than 30 studies involving thousands of slimmers.
Although the overview did not name specific weight loss plans, popular diets in recent years i
include the low carbohydrate, high protein Atkins diet and the GI diet, which is rich in slow-burning wholegrain carbohydrates.
Pooling the results of the various studies clearly showed that while people do lose weight initially, most quickly put all the pounds back on.
In fact, most people end up weighing more than they did to begin with. Researcher Dr Traci Mann said: "You can initially lost 5 to 10 per cent of your weight on any number of diets.
"But after this honeymoon period, the weight comes back. We found that the majority of people regained all the weight, plus more. Sustained weight loss was found only in a small minority of participants, while complete weight regain was found in the majority."
Dr Mann's research showed that up to two-thirds of dieters put on all the weight they lose - and more - over a four to five-year period. Half of those taking part in one study were more than 11lb heavier five years later, while dieters taking part in another study actually ended up heavier than other volunteers who hadn't tried to lose weight.
A four-year study into the health of 19,000 men revealed that most of those who put on weight had dieted in the years before the start of the study.
Bleak as these figures seem, the true picture could be even worse, as it is thought that most people lie about their weight - and don't like to tell researchers that their weight has started to creep up again.
The analysis, published in the journal American Psychologist, concluded dieters may actually be damaging their health.
Research has shown the repeated rapid weight gain and loss associated with dieting can double the risk of death from heart disease, including heart attacks, and the risk of premature death in general.
Such yo-yo weight loss has also been linked to stroke and diabetes and shown to suppress the immune system, making the body more vulnerable to infection.
Dr Mann said: "We decided to dig up and analyse every study that followed people on diets for two to five years. We concluded most of them would have been better off not going on the diet at all.
"Their weight would have been pretty much the same, and their bodies would not suffer the wear and tear from losing weight and gaining it all back.
"The benefits of dieting are simply too small and the potential harms of dieting are too large for it to be recommended as a safe and effective treatment for obesity."
The psychologist, who advises would-be slimmers to swap calorie-controlled diets for a balanced diet coupled with regular exercise, added: "Exercise may well be the key factor leading to sustained weight loss.
Studies consistently find that people who report the most exercise also have the most weight loss."
The finding comes as Britain fights a rising tide of obesity.
A growing reliance on fast food and time-saving technology has led to the UK developing the worst weight problem in Europe, with almost a quarter of adults classed as obese.
Last night, British experts said that fad diets do not work and that the key to maintaining a healthy weight is making gradual, long-term changes.
Dr Beckie Lang, of the Association for the Study of Obesity, said: "Maintaining a healthy weight isn't about going on a diet and coming off a diet when you reach your target weight. It is about adopting skills that change your eating habits for life."
(By FIONA MacRAE - More by this author » )
Stringent "starvation" diets are dangerous and can cause damage to muscles and organs, particularly the heart. Furthermore, extreme diets can trigger the body to enter starvation mode and make it more difficult to lose weight.
We've all heard of the fad diets that have you eating only eggs and grapefruit, or only carbohydrates, or no carbohydrates. The safest, most effective approach to eating is to follow the food pyramid recommendations from the National Institute of Health - just have smaller servings. Even with a weight loss diet, a person needs a balance of fruits and vegetables, fats, dairy products, proteins, and carbohydrates to stay healthy.
Research has shown that a healthy rate of weight loss is 2-4 pounds per week. While it is possible to lose weight more rapidly, you're less likely to keep the weight off in the long term. Severe dieting leaves the dieter feeling deprived and seems to promote the urge to binge.
A weight loss diet should be structured so that the dieter reaches their goal weight and maintains that weight with small fluctuations. Extreme weight swings or constant, on-going weight loss diets are warning signs that there may be abnormal eating patterns developing.
Research shows that more than 90 percent of those afflicted with eating disorders are adolescents at the time the eating disorder began. One reason that girls in this age group are vulnerable to eating disorders is their tendency to go on strict diets to achieve an "ideal" figure. Peer pressure to be thin also plays a role. The younger a person is when beginning weight loss diets, the greater their chance of developing an eating disorder.
At the start of the study, the research team found approximately 30 percent of girls and 16 percent of the boys were dieting.
During three years of follow-up, they found that although the children who said they were dieters reported being more active and eating fewer calories than their peers, they actually gained more weight than non-dieters.
"At a time when we need solutions to encourage healthy eating habits, it is troubling to see that dieting, which is often characterized by short term and not necessarily healthy changes in eating, is so common,” noted Field, also of Harvard Medical School. "Our study found that dieting was counterproductive -- children who dieted gained more, not less, weight than non-dieters."
Field and her team provided several possible explanations for the findings. The most likely is that dieting may lead to a cycle of restrictive eating, followed by bouts of overeating or binge eating. (Therefore, the subjects' overeating repeatedly between diets could have led to the weight gain.)
"It is becoming increasingly important for parents and physicians to intervene and break bad eating and weight control habits early on," said Field.
This story was adapted from a news release provided by Brigham and Women's Hospital Research Web Site.
http://weightloss.about.com/cs/childhoodobesity/a/aa031804a.htm
DYSPEPSIAhai, i am going to explain to you about the dyspepsia...
as i was reading i found out that so many children that suffer dyspepsia
you(readers) can find out more if you interested in this section......
you can also give comments to all of our post....
he....
enjoy your reading,..........
Definition
Dyspepsia means painful, difficult, or disturbed digestion not associated with a definitive pathologic condition.
Description
Dyspepsia - often called indigestion - is a common malady that many associate with the TV ads for antacids. While dyspeptic symptoms are often caused by overeating or eating the wrong foods, the disorder can be associated with a more serious problem. The chronic recurrence and persistence of crippling dyspeptic symptoms disrupt the lives of many Americans. People suffering from the most severe symptoms can become disabled enough to miss work. Frequent doctors' visits and expensive diagnostic procedures can create a financial drain. In addition, many unnecessary operations are performed in an attempt to relieve the painful symptoms. Unfortunately, despite the surgery, many patients continue to suffer from the symptoms of dyspepsia. The causes of dyspepsia are many, and some of them are not clearly understood. Too often, dyspepsia has been dismissed as a psychosomatic disorder. However, in recent years, doctors have begun to realize that dyspepsia is often the result of a malfunctioning of either the nervous system or the muscular activity of the stomach or small intestine. The delicate motions of the stomach and small intestine are regulated by the brain and by a network of nerves embedded in the muscle wall of the digestive tract. The coordination between these nerve endings that secrete a variety of chemical substances (called neurotransmitters), hormones, and the muscle fibers in the wall of the digestive tract regulate the movement of the tract and thereby promote the digestion, absorption, and elimination of food we eat. Any disruption in the normal functioning of the nervous system or the muscular activity of the digestive tract can cause dyspepsia.
Causes
Dyspepsia can be caused by many different things. Symptoms similar to dyspepsia can be due to conditions ranging from mild and self-limiting to serious - so differentiation is important. Dyspeptic symptoms can occur allong with the following:
- Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach)
- Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)
- Stomach ulcer
- Cancer of the stomach
- Gallbladder disease
- Pancreatic diseases
- Inflammatory bowel disease.
- Pregnancy
Diabetes mellitus Dyspepsia can also occur without the presence of digestive disorders. When no disease is apparent, doctors in the past tended to diagnose patients as having a psychosomatic disorder. In recent years, however, medical research has recognized that the stomach and small intestine are regulated by "pacemakers" - much like the heart - that coordinate the movement of the muscles of the digestive tract. During normal digestion, the muscle wall contracts and relaxes, allowing the upper part of the stomach to serve as a reservoir and the lower part to break down (digest) food. When the breakdown is complete, the stomach empties its contents into the upper part of the intestine (duodenum).
Symptoms
A person is said to have dyspepsia if he/she suffers from several of a group of symptoms which might include nausea, regurgitation (backwash of stomach contents into the esophagus or mouth), vomiting, heartburn, prolonged abdominal fullness or bloating after a meal, stomach discomfort or pain, and early fullness. Often people say that they have a "sick feeling in the stomach," or "indigestion," or maybe "nervous stomach" when they are suffering from dyspeptic symptoms. Sometimes people will experience these symptoms after overeating, or eating foods that disagree with them. The symptoms may also accompany a disease such as peptic ulcer disease, gallbladder disease, or gastritis. Other people experience the symptoms for no apparent reason. The symptoms can last for 3 to 4 days, sometimes longer. In some people, dyspeptic symptoms can be severe and continuous, disrupting daily routines and causing absence from work. Although dyspepsia can afflict men and women from all walks of life, it is most common in women ranging in age from 16 to 60. A woman is even more likely to experience dyspepsia during her childbearing years. Also patients in whom irritable bowel syndrome has been diagnosed comprise the majority of dyspepsia sufferers.
Treatment
If the dyspepsia is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gallbladder disease, or some other organic disorder, your doctor will begin by treating the specific disorder. Dyspepsia not associated with a specific illness can usually be controlled by diet. Avoiding greasy foods or solid foods containing meat sometimes helps. And, if you are lactose intolerant, eliminating all dairy products from the diet should provide relief. If the symptoms are severe, the doctor may recommend only liquids or small amounts of soft foods until the symptoms subside. If these measures do not work, medical therapies may be prescribed to control persistent symptoms. Apart from avoiding known irritants (such as alcohol, aspirin, and nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs), patients may have to take antacids and H2 blockers such as Tagamet.